Interventional Cardiology is a branch of cardiology that deals specifically with the catheter based treatment of structural heart diseases.
Interventional radiology (IR), also known as vascular and interventional radiology (VIR) or surgical radiology, is an independent medical fellowship providing minimally invasive image-guided diagnosis and treatment of diseases in every organ system.
Liver transplantation or hepatic transplantation is the replacement of a diseased liver with some or all of a healthy liver from another person (allograft). The most commonly used technique is orthotopic transplantation, in which the native liver is removed and replaced by the donor organ in the same anatomic location as the original liver.
Maternal-fetal medicine (MFM) is the branch of obstetrics that focuses on the medical and surgical management of high-risk pregnancies. Management includes monitoring and treatment including comprehensive ultrasound, chorionic villus sampling, genetic amniocentesis, and fetal surgery or treatment.
Minimally-invasive surgery refers to surgical techniques that limit the size of incisions needed and so lessens wound healing time, associated pain and risk of infection.
Molecular pathology is an emerging discipline within pathology which is focused in the study and diagnosis of disease through the examination of molecules within organs, tissues or bodily fluids.
Ophthalmic pathology is the subspecialty of surgical pathology and also a subspecialty ophthalmology of which deals with the diagnosis and characterization of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of the eyes.
Neurotology or neuro-otology is a branch of clinical medicine which studies and treats neurological disorders of the ear. It is a subspecialty of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery, and is closely related to otology. Otology generally refers to the treatment of middle ear disease and resultant conductive hearing loss, whereas neurotology refers to treatment of inner ear conditions, or hearing and balance disorders.