Hematology and Oncology is the branch of medicine concerned with the study, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to blood. Hematology includes the study of etiology. It involves treating diseases that affect the production of blood and its components, such as blood cells, hemoglobin, blood proteins, bone marrow, platelets, blood vessels, spleen, and the mechanism of coagulation.
Neonatology is a subspecialty of pediatrics that consists of the medical care of newborn infants, especially the ill or premature newborn infant. It is a hospital-based subspecialty, and is usually practiced in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).
Nephrology is a subspecialty of medicine and pediatrics that concerns itself with the study of normal kidney function, kidney problems, the treatment of kidney problems and renal replacement therapy (dialysis and kidney transplantation). Systemic conditions that affect the kidneys (such as diabetes and autoimmune disease) and systemic problems that occur as a result of kidney problems.
Pediatric Cardiology is a branch of medicine which is responsible for the diagnosis of congenital heart defects, performing diagnostic procedures such as echocardiograms, cardiac catheterizations, and electrophysiology studies, and for the ongoing management of the sequelae of heart disease in infants, children and adolescents.
Pediatric endocrinology is a medical subspecialty dealing with variations of physical growth and sexual development in childhood, as well as diabetes and other disorders of the endocrine glands.
Pediatric gastroenterology developed as a sub-specialty of pediatrics and gastroenterology. It is concerned with treating the gastrointestinal tract, liver and pancreas of children from infancy until age eighteen. The principle diseases it is concerned with are acute diarrhea, persistent vomiting, gastritis, and problems with the development of the gastric tract.
Pediatric Infectious Diseases is a medical subspecialty which deals with the enhancement of the health of infants, children and adolescents by promoting excellence in the diagnosis, management and prevention of infectious diseases through clinical care, education, research and advocacy.
Pediatric Nephrology provides comprehensive diagnosis and treatment for pediatric patients with problems including diabetic nephropathy, renal hypertension, bed-wetting, recurrent urinary tract infections, blood or protein in the urine, glomerular and tubular disorders, and chronic renal failure. Full dialysis and transplantation services are provided for infants and children with chronic renal failure.
Pediatric Surgery is a subspecialty of surgery involving the surgery of fetuses, infants, children, adolescents, and young adults.